Search results for "endurance exercise"

αB-crystallin response to a pro-oxidant non-cytotoxic environment in murine cardiac cells: An "in vitro" and "in vivo" study.

2020

The αB-crystallin (HSPB5) protein is modulated in response to a wide variety of stressors generated by multiple physio-pathological conditions, sustained by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In cardiac muscle tissue, this protein regulates various cellular processes, such as protein degradation, apoptosis and the stabilization of cytoskeletal elements. In this work, we studied the role of HSPB5 expression, activation and localization in HL-1 murine cardiomyocytes exposed to pro-oxidant and non-cytotoxic H2O2 concentration, as well as in cardiac tissue isolated from mice following an acute, non-damaging endurance exercise. Our results demonstrated that HSPB5 is the most abundant HSP …

Impact of Plasma Oxidative Stress Markers on Post-race Recovery in Ultramarathon Runners: A Sex and Age Perspective Overview

2021

Oxidative stress has been widely studied in association to ultra-endurance sports. Although it is clearly demonstrated the increase in reactive oxygen species and free radicals after these extreme endurance exercises, the effects on the antioxidant defenses and the oxidative damage to macromolecules, remain to be fully clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of an ultramarathon race on the plasma markers of oxidative stress of 32 runners and their post-race recovery, with especial focused on sex and age effect. For this purpose, the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, as well as the lipid peroxidation prod…

Extreme duration exercise affects old and younger men differently.

2022

Aim & Methods: Extreme endurance exercise provides a valuable research model for understanding the adaptive metabolic response of older and younger individuals to intense physical activity. Here, we compare a wide range of metabolic and physiologic parameters in two cohorts of seven trained men, age 30 ± 5 years or age 65 ± 6 years, before and after the participants travelled ≈3000 km by bicycle over 15 days. Results: Over the 15-day exercise intervention, participants lost 2–3 kg fat mass with no significant change in body weight. V̇O2max did not change in younger cyclists, but decreased (p = 0.06) in the older cohort. The resting plasma FFA concentration decreased markedly in both gro…

Mild bronchial epithelial damage after endurance exercise in humans

2008

Effects of eight weeks of physical training on physical performance and heart rate variability in children

2017

Kraama, Liisa. 2013. Effects of eight weeks physical training on physical performance and heart rate variability in children. University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biology of Physical Activity. Master’s Thesis in Exercise Physiology. 52 pp. Physical activity and aerobic capacity have decreased among children and adolescents during the last decades. Physically active adults have been shown to have higher heart rate variability (HRV) than less active adults. In adults training-induced changes in physical performance have been shown to be related to increase in HRV, especially in high frequency component (HF), which is a marker of parasympathetic activity. The purpose of this study was to exa…

MILD BRONCHIAL EPITELIAL DAMANGE AFTER ENDURANCE EXERCISE IN HUMANS

2008

The early response of αB-crystallin to a single bout of aerobic exercise in mouse skeletal muscles depends upon fiber oxidative features

2019

Besides its substantial role in eye lens, αB-crystallin (HSPB5) retains fundamental function in striated muscle during physiological or pathological modifications. In this study, we aimed to analyse the cellular and molecular factors driving the functional response of HSPB5 protein in different muscles from mice subjected to an acute bout of non-damaging endurance exercise or in C2C12 myocytes upon exposure to pro-oxidant environment, chosen as “in vivo” and “in vitro” models of a physiological stressing conditions, respectively.To this end, red (GR) and white gastrocnemius (GW), as sources of slow-oxidative and fast-glycolytic/oxidative fibers, as well as the soleus (SOL), mainly composed …

No evidence of adverse cardiac remodeling in former elite endurance athletes

2016

Background: The impact of high exercise loads on a previously healthy heart remains controversial. We examined the consequences of decades of strenuous endurance exercise at the highest competition level on heart dimensions and volumes as well as on serum biomarkers of cardiac fibrosis/remodeling. Methods and results: We compared echocardiographic measurements and serum biomarkers of cardiac fibrosis/remodeling [troponin I, galectin-3, matrix metallopeptidase-2 and -9, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity-2 (sST-2)/interleukin(IL)-1R4] in 53 male athletes [11 former professional ('elite') and 42…

Central alterations of neuromuscular function and feedback from group III-IV muscle afferents following exhaustive high-intensity one-leg dynamic exe…

2015

The aims of this investigation were to describe the central alterations of neuromuscular function induced by exhaustive high-intensity one-leg dynamic exercise (OLDE, study 1) and to indirectly quantify feedback from group III-IV muscle afferents via muscle occlusion (MO, study 2) in healthy adult male humans. We hypothesized that these central alterations and their recovery are associated with changes in afferent feedback. Both studies consisted of two time-to-exhaustion tests at 85% peak power output. In study 1, voluntary activation level (VAL), M-wave, cervicomedullary motor evoked potential (CMEP), motor evoked potential (MEP), and MEP cortical silent period (CSP) of the knee extensor…

Do Fat Supplements Increase Physical Performance?

2013

Fish oil and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) belong to a popular class of food supplements known as "fat supplements", which are claimed to reduce muscle glycogen breakdown, reduce body mass, as well as reduce muscle damage and inflammatory responses. Sport athletes consume fish oil and CLA mainly to increase lean body mass and reduce body fat. Recent evidence indicates that this kind of supplementation may have other side-effects and a new role has been identified in steroidogenensis. Preliminary findings demonstrate that fish oil and CLA may induce a physiological increase in testosterone synthesis. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of fish oil and CLA on physical performan…